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Geoffrey Greene

Professor
ggreene@uchicago.edu
Research Summary
The overall objective of my research is to determine the molecular distinctions between estrogen, androgen, progestin, and glucocorticoid agonism and antagonism in hormone-dependent tissues and cancers and to use this information to identify, develop and characterize novel compounds that can be used as breast and prostate cancer chemopreventatives and chemotherapeutics. I have considerable experience and expertise with the identification and characterization of novel compounds (SERMs, SERDs, SPRMs) that selectively target the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, and progesterone receptor (PR). More recently, my lab has also begun to focus on AR and GR therapeutics. One of our specific goals is to test and develop known and novel SERMs/SARMS/SPRMs/SGRMs for their ability to selectively alter ER/PR, ER/AR and ER/GR recruitment of coregulator subsets that reflect differential responses to these ligands. My lab has solved multiple crystal structures of the ERalpha and ERbeta ligand-binding domains bound to diverse SERMs, which has contributed significantly to our understanding of the structural basis for agonist and antagonist interactions with both ERs, and how the two ER subtypes differentially discriminate among ligands. We have also solved the crystal structure of AR LBD bound to DHT and ERalpha LBD bound to several stapled peptides that bind to and inhibit the transcriptional activating AF2 function of ERalpha. Structural studies are being expanded to include cryoEM analysis of receptor/DNA/coregulator complexes. In addition, we are actively characterizing ERalpha somatic mutations that have been observed in endocrine therapy resistant metastatic breast cancers, with the goal of targeting these mutant ERs with next generation SERMs/SERDs. More recently, we have been studying the role of NCoA3 and other nuclear receptor coregulators as mediators of survival, invasion and metastasis in TNBC. We use and are developing both cell-derived explant and PDX models as platforms for studying both ER+ and ER- breast cancer progression and treatment with existing as well as novel therapy combinations that target multiple steroid receptors and their coregulators. I have a strong background in understanding and modulating breast cancer genesis, progression, treatment and prevention.
Keywords
Breast Cancer, Hormone Receptors, Nuclear, Estrogen Receptors, Progesterone Receptor, Androgen Receptor, Glucocorticoid Receptor, SERMs, SERDS, Prostate Cancer, PDX models, Metastasis, organoids
Education
  • The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, B.A. Chemistry 1969
  • Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, Ph.D. Chemistry 1974
  • The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, postdoc Biochemical Endocrinology 1977
Biosciences Graduate Program Association
Awards & Honors
  • 1988 - Ernst Oppenheimer Award The Endocrine Society
  • 1997 - Tartikoff-Semel Award Revlon/UCLA Women’s Cancer Research Program
  • 2003 - Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
  • 2006 - NAMS/Wyeth Pharmaceutical SERMs award North American Menopausal Society
  • 2009 - Susan G. Komen for the Cure Brinker Award for Scientific Distinction Susan G. Komen Foundation
  • 2017 - AAAS Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science
Publications

  1. Dynamic epi-transcriptomic landscape mapping with disease progression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2023 May; 43(5):615-619. View in: PubMed

  2. Demethylation of dimethyl phosphonate esters with sodium ethanethiolate: Improved synthesis of 5'-methylene substituted 2',5'-deoxyribonucleotides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2023 Jan 11; 1-9. View in: PubMed

  3. Unconventional isoquinoline-based SERMs elicit fulvestrant-like transcriptional programs in ER+ breast cancer cells. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022 Dec 14; 8(1):130. View in: PubMed

  4. Targeting MYC with modular synthetic transcriptional repressors derived from bHLH DNA-binding domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2023 04; 41(4):541-551. View in: PubMed

  5. Labeling of a mutant estrogen receptor with an Affimer in a breast cancer cell line. Biophys J. 2022 10 04; 121(19):3651-3662. View in: PubMed

  6. Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Are More Sensitive to Ceramide Kinase Inhibition and Elevated Ceramide Levels Than Therapy-Sensitive Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel). 2022 May 12; 14(10). View in: PubMed

  7. Stereospecific lasofoxifene derivatives reveal the interplay between estrogen receptor alpha stability and antagonistic activity in ESR1 mutant breast cancer cells. Elife. 2022 05 16; 11. View in: PubMed

  8. Selective pressure of endocrine therapy activates the integrated stress response through NF?B signaling in a subpopulation of ER positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res. 2022 03 09; 24(1):19. View in: PubMed

  9. A small-molecule activator of the unfolded protein response eradicates human breast tumors in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2021 07 21; 13(603). View in: PubMed

  10. Defining the Energetic Basis for a Conformational Switch Mediating Ligand-Independent Activation of Mutant Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2021 09; 19(9):1559-1570. View in: PubMed

  11. Lasofoxifene as a potential treatment for therapy-resistant ER-positive metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2021 05 12; 23(1):54. View in: PubMed

  12. Neutrophil elastase selectively kills cancer cells and attenuates tumorigenesis. Cell. 2021 06 10; 184(12):3163-3177.e21. View in: PubMed

  13. Facilitating Drug Discovery in Breast Cancer by Virtually Screening Patients Using In Vitro Drug Response Modeling. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 20; 13(4). View in: PubMed

  14. Rapid Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response and Apoptosis by Estrogen Mimic TTC-352 for the Treatment of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021 01; 20(1):11-25. View in: PubMed

  15. The Structure-Function Relationship of Angular Estrogens and Estrogen Receptor Alpha to Initiate Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2020 07; 98(1):24-37. View in: PubMed

  16. The NF-?B Pathway Promotes Tamoxifen Tolerance and Disease Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers. Mol Cancer Res. 2020 07; 18(7):1018-1027. View in: PubMed

  17. The Lineage Determining Factor GRHL2 Collaborates with FOXA1 to Establish a Targetable Pathway in Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer. Cell Rep. 2019 10 22; 29(4):889-903.e10. View in: PubMed

  18. Versatile Peptide Macrocyclization with Diels-Alder Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc. 2019 10 16; 141(41):16374-16381. View in: PubMed

  19. Next-Generation ERa Inhibitors for Endocrine-Resistant ER+ Breast Cancer. Endocrinology. 2019 04 01; 160(4):759-769. View in: PubMed

  20. The SERM/SERD bazedoxifene disrupts ESR1 helix 12 to overcome acquired hormone resistance in breast cancer cells. Elife. 2018 11 29; 7. View in: PubMed

  21. Antagonists for Constitutively Active Mutant Estrogen Receptors: Insights into the Roles of Antiestrogen-Core and Side-Chain. ACS Chem Biol. 2018 12 21; 13(12):3374-3384. View in: PubMed

  22. Publisher Correction: Structural underpinnings of oestrogen receptor mutations in endocrine therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018 Oct; 18(10):662. View in: PubMed

  23. Specific stereochemistry of OP-1074 disrupts estrogen receptor alpha helix 12 and confers pure antiestrogenic activity. Nat Commun. 2018 06 18; 9(1):2368. View in: PubMed

  24. Endoxifen, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and an Estrogenic Derivative Modulate Estrogen Receptor Complex Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer. Mol Pharmacol. 2018 08; 94(2):812-822. View in: PubMed

  25. A "cross-stitched" peptide with improved helicity and proteolytic stability. Org Biomol Chem. 2018 05 23; 16(20):3702-3706. View in: PubMed

  26. Structural underpinnings of oestrogen receptor mutations in endocrine therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018 06; 18(6):377-388. View in: PubMed

  27. Discovery of a Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Activity Signature Using Selective GR Antagonism in ER-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 07 15; 24(14):3433-3446. View in: PubMed

  28. Progesterone receptor isoforms, agonists and antagonists differentially reprogram estrogen signaling. Oncotarget. 2018 Jan 12; 9(4):4282-4300. View in: PubMed

  29. Metabolism of megestrol acetate in vitro and the role of oxidative metabolites. Xenobiotica. 2018 Oct; 48(10):973-983. View in: PubMed

  30. Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Transcriptionally Repressed by PR in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2017 10; 15(10):1331-1340. View in: PubMed

  31. Activating ESR1 Mutations Differentially Affect the Efficacy of ER Antagonists. Cancer Discov. 2017 03; 7(3):277-287. View in: PubMed

  32. Capture of associated targets on chromatin links long-distance chromatin looping to transcriptional coordination. Nat Commun. 2016 09 16; 7:12893. View in: PubMed

  33. Genomic agonism and phenotypic antagonism between estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Sci Adv. 2016 06; 2(6):e1501924. View in: PubMed

  34. Stapled Peptides with ?-Methylated Hydrocarbon Chains for the Estrogen Receptor/Coactivator Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Mar 18; 55(13):4252-5. View in: PubMed

  35. Estrogen receptor alpha somatic mutations Y537S and D538G confer breast cancer endocrine resistance by stabilizing the activating function-2 binding conformation. Elife. 2016 Feb 02; 5. View in: PubMed

  36. 14q32-encoded microRNAs mediate an oligometastatic phenotype. Oncotarget. 2015 Feb 28; 6(6):3540-52. View in: PubMed

  37. The uterine and vascular actions of estetrol delineate a distinctive profile of estrogen receptor a modulation, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation. EMBO Mol Med. 2014 Oct; 6(10):1328-46. View in: PubMed

  38. In memoriam: Elwood Jensen (1920-2012). Endocr Rev. 2013 Dec; 34(6):761-3. View in: PubMed

  39. ESR1 ligand-binding domain mutations in hormone-resistant breast cancer. Nat Genet. 2013 Dec; 45(12):1439-45. View in: PubMed

  40. Prolactin activates ERa in the absence of ligand in female mammary development and carcinogenesis in vivo. Endocrinology. 2013 Dec; 154(12):4483-92. View in: PubMed

  41. In memoriam: Elwood Jensen (1920-2012). Endocrinology. 2013 Oct; 154(10):3489-91. View in: PubMed

  42. Mapping ER? genomic binding sites reveals unique genomic features and identifies EBF1 as an ER? interactor. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8):e71355. View in: PubMed

  43. Cross-talk between the ligand- and DNA-binding domains of estrogen receptor. Proteins. 2013 Nov; 81(11):1900-9. View in: PubMed

  44. Examining the pathogenesis of breast cancer using a novel agent-based model of mammary ductal epithelium dynamics. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5):e64091. View in: PubMed

  45. Overcoming mutation-based resistance to antiandrogens with rational drug design. Elife. 2013 Apr 09; 2:e00499. View in: PubMed

  46. MicroRNA-30c inhibits human breast tumour chemotherapy resistance by regulating TWF1 and IL-11. Nat Commun. 2013; 4:1393. View in: PubMed

  47. MicroRNA-30c targets cytoskeleton genes involved in breast cancer cell invasion. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013 Jan; 137(2):373-82. View in: PubMed

  48. The effects of 17?-estradiol and a selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, on ovarian carcinogenesis. Gynecol Oncol. 2012 Jan; 124(1):134-41. View in: PubMed

  49. Removal of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus from human-in-mouse breast tumor xenografts by cell-sorting. J Virol Methods. 2011 May; 173(2):266-70. View in: PubMed

  50. RAC3 is a pro-migratory co-activator of ERa. Oncogene. 2011 Apr 28; 30(17):1984-94. View in: PubMed

  51. Characterization of the ovarian and reproductive abnormalities in prepubertal and adult estrogen non-responsive estrogen receptor alpha knock-in (ENERKI) mice. Steroids. 2009 Nov; 74(12):913-9. View in: PubMed

  52. Estrogen-dependent and -independent estrogen receptor-alpha signaling separately regulate male fertility. Endocrinology. 2009 Jun; 150(6):2898-905. View in: PubMed

  53. Screening and association testing of common coding variation in steroid hormone receptor co-activator and co-repressor genes in relation to breast cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort. BMC Cancer. 2009 Jan 30; 9:43. View in: PubMed

  54. Green tea catechins inhibit angiogenesis through suppression of STAT3 activation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Oct; 117(3):505-15. View in: PubMed

  55. Modulation of alphaCaMKII signaling by rapid ERalpha action. Brain Res. 2008 Jul 30; 1222:1-17. View in: PubMed

  56. NFkappaB selectivity of estrogen receptor ligands revealed by comparative crystallographic analyses. Nat Chem Biol. 2008 Apr; 4(4):241-7. View in: PubMed

  57. An estrogen receptor-alpha knock-in mutation provides evidence of ligand-independent signaling and allows modulation of ligand-induced pathways in vivo. Endocrinology. 2008 Jun; 149(6):2970-9. View in: PubMed

  58. Molecular characterization of a B-ring unsaturated estrogen: implications for conjugated equine estrogen components of premarin. Steroids. 2008 Jan; 73(1):59-68. View in: PubMed

  59. CBP Is a dosage-dependent regulator of nuclear factor-kappaB suppression by the estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Feb; 22(2):263-72. View in: PubMed

  60. Elemental isomerism: a boron-nitrogen surrogate for a carbon-carbon double bond increases the chemical diversity of estrogen receptor ligands. Chem Biol. 2007 Jun; 14(6):659-69. View in: PubMed

  61. Inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis in the C3(1)/SV40 mouse model by green tea. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Feb; 107(3):359-69. View in: PubMed

  62. Structural plasticity in the oestrogen receptor ligand-binding domain. EMBO Rep. 2007 Jun; 8(6):563-8. View in: PubMed

  63. Structure-guided optimization of estrogen receptor binding affinity and antagonist potency of pyrazolopyrimidines with basic side chains. J Med Chem. 2007 Jan 25; 50(2):399-403. View in: PubMed

  64. Health-related quality of life following a clinical weight loss intervention among overweight and obese adults: intervention and 24 month follow-up effects. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Jul 17; 4:43. View in: PubMed

  65. Identification of ligands with bicyclic scaffolds provides insights into mechanisms of estrogen receptor subtype selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 30; 281(26):17909-19. View in: PubMed

  66. Conformation-specific affinity purification of proteins using engineered binding proteins: application to the estrogen receptor. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 Jun; 47(2):348-54. View in: PubMed

  67. Label-free detection of protein-protein interactions on biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2005 Aug 26; 44(34):5480-3. View in: PubMed

  68. Recruitment of histone deacetylase 4 to the N-terminal region of estrogen receptor alpha. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Dec; 19(12):2930-42. View in: PubMed

  69. Structural basis for an unexpected mode of SERM-mediated ER antagonism. Mol Cell. 2005 May 13; 18(4):413-24. View in: PubMed

  70. Ligand control of coregulator recruitment to nuclear receptors. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005; 67:309-33. View in: PubMed

  71. A structural explanation for ERalpha/ERbeta SERM discrimination. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop. 2004; (46):33-45. View in: PubMed

  72. Plasma membrane estrogen receptors exist and functions as dimers. Mol Endocrinol. 2004 Dec; 18(12):2854-65. View in: PubMed

  73. Allosteric control of ligand selectivity between estrogen receptors alpha and beta: implications for other nuclear receptors. Mol Cell. 2004 Feb 13; 13(3):317-27. View in: PubMed

  74. Nuclear receptor ligands and cofactor recruitment: is there a coactivator "on deck"? Mol Cell. 2003 Apr; 11(4):850-1. View in: PubMed

  75. Consensus statement: Expedition Inspiration fund for breast cancer research meeting 2002. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Mar; 78(1):127-31. View in: PubMed

  76. In vivo imaging reveals estrogen receptor's hidden personality. Nat Med. 2003 Jan; 9(1):22-3. View in: PubMed

  77. Structural characterization of a subtype-selective ligand reveals a novel mode of estrogen receptor antagonism. Nat Struct Biol. 2002 May; 9(5):359-64. View in: PubMed

  78. A novel mitogen-activated protein kinase is responsive to Raf and mediates growth factor specificity. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Mar; 21(6):2235-47. View in: PubMed

  79. Estrogen receptor pathways to AP-1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Nov 30; 74(5):311-7. View in: PubMed

  80. Oestrogen receptor function at classical and alternative response elements. Novartis Found Symp. 2000; 230:20-6; discussion 27-40. View in: PubMed

  81. Use of phosphorus oxychloride in synthesizing nucleotides and oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res. 1974 Apr; 1(4):615-27. View in: PubMed

  82. Estrogen inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell-dependent adventitial fibroblast migration in vitro. Circulation. 1999 Oct 12; 100(15):1639-45. View in: PubMed

  83. Titration by estrogen receptor activation function-2 of targets that are downstream from coactivators. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Jun; 13(6):897-909. View in: PubMed

  84. Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript: studies of ERalpha and ERbeta expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Feb; 13(2):307-19. View in: PubMed

  85. The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell. 1998 Dec 23; 95(7):927-37. View in: PubMed

  86. Isolation and cloning of human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma cDNA. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1997; 400A:253-60. View in: PubMed

  87. Estrogen response elements function as allosteric modulators of estrogen receptor conformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Apr; 18(4):1927-34. View in: PubMed

  88. Estrogen receptor accessory proteins augment receptor-DNA interaction and DNA bending. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1997 Sep-Oct; 63(1-3):59-73. View in: PubMed

  89. Estrogen receptor (alpha and beta) expression in the excurrent ducts of the adult male rat reproductive tract. J Androl. 1997 Nov-Dec; 18(6):602-11. View in: PubMed

  90. Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 1997 Oct 16; 389(6652):753-8. View in: PubMed

  91. Cellular and subcellular studies of the radiation effects of Auger electron-emitting estrogens. Acta Oncol. 1996; 35(7):833-40. View in: PubMed

  92. Estrogen receptor immunocytochemistry in endometrial carcinoma: a prognostic marker for survival. Gynecol Oncol. 1996 Oct; 63(1):28-33. View in: PubMed

  93. A constructivist perspective on clinical social work practice with ethnically diverse clients. Soc Work. 1996 Mar; 41(2):172-80. View in: PubMed

  94. Expression of an estrogen receptor by human coronary artery and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Circulation. 1996 Sep 15; 94(6):1402-7. View in: PubMed

  95. Estrogen receptor affinity and location of consensus and imperfect estrogen response elements influence transcription activation of simplified promoters. Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Jun; 10(6):694-704. View in: PubMed

  96. Estrogen receptor accessory proteins: effects on receptor-DNA interactions. Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Oct; 103 Suppl 7:23-8. View in: PubMed

  97. Molecular characterization by mass spectrometry of the human estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli. Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Jun; 9(6):647-58. View in: PubMed

  98. Immunocytochemical assay for estrogen receptor with monoclonal antibody D753P gamma in routinely processed formaldehyde-fixed breast tissue. Comparison with frozen section assay and with monoclonal antibody H222. Cancer. 1993 Jun 01; 71(11):3541-6. View in: PubMed

  99. Human estrogen receptor bound to an estrogen response element bends DNA. Mol Endocrinol. 1993 Mar; 7(3):331-40. View in: PubMed

  100. Localization of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor receptor in neonatal and adult rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 1993 Dec 17; 631(1):65-71. View in: PubMed

  101. The ER-positive/PgR-negative breast cancer phenotype is not associated with mutations within the DNA binding domain. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1993; 26(2):191-202. View in: PubMed

  102. The interaction of human estrogen receptor with DNA is modulated by receptor-associated proteins. Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Oct; 8(10):1407-19. View in: PubMed

  103. Isolation of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma cDNA: expression in hematopoietic cells and chromosomal mapping. Gene Expr. 1995; 4(4-5):281-99. View in: PubMed

  104. Estrogen receptor determination in endometrial carcinoma: ligand binding assay versus enzyme immunoassay. Anticancer Res. 1995 Mar-Apr; 15(2):649-54. View in: PubMed

  105. Analysis of the structural core of the human estrogen receptor ligand binding domain by selective proteolysis/mass spectrometric analysis. Biochemistry. 1995 Oct 03; 34(39):12605-15. View in: PubMed

  106. Immunocytochemical assay for androgen receptors in prostate cancer: a prospective study of 63 cases with long-term follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 1994 Nov; 1(6):495-503. View in: PubMed

  107. Estrophilin: pro and anti. J Steroid Biochem. 1980 Jan; 12:159-67. View in: PubMed

  108. Effect of antibodies to estrogen receptor on the binding of 3H-labeled antiestrogens and androstanediol in the uterus. Endocrinology. 1982 Apr; 110(4):1355-61. View in: PubMed

  109. Monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep; 77(9):5115-9. View in: PubMed

  110. Monoclonal antibodies as probes for estrogen receptor detection and characterization. J Steroid Biochem. 1982 Mar; 16(3):353-9. View in: PubMed

  111. Monoclonal antibodies to estrophilin: probes for the study of estrogen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jan; 77(1):157-61. View in: PubMed

  112. Recognition of two forms of the estrogen receptor in the guinea-pig uterus at different stages of development by a monoclonal antibody to the human estrogen receptor. Dynamics of the translocation of these two forms to the nucleus. J Steroid Biochem. 1984 Jan; 20(1):397-400. View in: PubMed

  113. Monoclonal antibodies localize oestrogen receptor in the nuclei of target cells. Nature. 1984 Feb 23-29; 307(5953):745-7. View in: PubMed

  114. Differences between estrogen- and antiestrogen-estrogen receptor complexes from human breast tumors identified with an antibody raised against the estrogen receptor. Cancer Res. 1984 Mar; 44(3):1012-8. View in: PubMed

  115. Estrogen receptor transformation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: characterization by immunochemical and sedimentation analyses. Endocrinology. 1984 Jan; 114(1):296-8. View in: PubMed

  116. Interaction of [3H] estradiol - and [3H] monohydroxytamoxifen-estrogen receptor complexes with a monoclonal antibody. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1983; 3(3):267-77. View in: PubMed

  117. Estrogen receptors, antibodies and hormone dependent cancer. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984; 142:1-21. View in: PubMed

  118. A novel nuclear form of estradiol receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Science. 1984 Sep 14; 225(4667):1162-5. View in: PubMed

  119. Immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen receptor distribution in the human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Lab Invest. 1984 Nov; 51(5):495-503. View in: PubMed

  120. Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the macaque reproductive tract with monoclonal antiestrophilins. Endocrinology. 1984 Jun; 114(6):2002-14. View in: PubMed

  121. An immunocytochemical method for demonstrating estrogen receptor in human uterus using monoclonal antibodies to human estrophilin. Lab Invest. 1984 Apr; 50(4):480-6. View in: PubMed

  122. Receptors reconsidered: a 20-year perspective. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1982; 38:1-40. View in: PubMed

  123. Monoclonal and anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes for receptor structure and function. Fed Proc. 1984 Jul; 43(10):2532-9. View in: PubMed

  124. Immunochemical studies of estrogen receptors. J Steroid Biochem. 1984 Jan; 20(1):51-6. View in: PubMed

  125. Estrogen receptors in human prostate: evidence for multiple binding sites. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Jul; 57(1):166-76. View in: PubMed

  126. Immunocytochemical identification of estrogen receptor in ovarian carcinomas. Localization with monoclonal estrophilin antibodies compared with biochemical assays. Lab Invest. 1985 Sep; 53(3):349-61. View in: PubMed

  127. Selection and characterization of a breast cancer cell line resistant to the antiestrogen LY 117018. Endocrinology. 1985 Oct; 117(4):1409-17. View in: PubMed

  128. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of estrogen receptor with monoclonal estrophilin antibodies. J Histochem Cytochem. 1985 Sep; 33(9):915-24. View in: PubMed

  129. Monoclonal antibody recognition of multiple forms of estrogen receptor tagged with [125I]methoxy-iodovinyl estradiol in ovarian carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Sep; 61(3):412-7. View in: PubMed

  130. Characterization of the subunit nature of nuclear estrogen receptors by chemical cross-linking and dense amino acid labeling. Endocrinology. 1985 Aug; 117(2):515-22. View in: PubMed

  131. Relation of estrogen receptor expression to clonal growth and antiestrogen effects on human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 1985 Jun; 45(6):2720-4. View in: PubMed

  132. Comparison of immunocytochemical and steroid-binding assays for estrogen receptor in human breast tumors. Cancer Res. 1985 Jan; 45(1):293-304. View in: PubMed

  133. Maxillary sinus cancer: a study of 33 cases. J Oral Pathol. 1985 Jan; 14(1):27-36. View in: PubMed

  134. Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec; 82(23):7889-93. View in: PubMed

  135. Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science. 1986 Mar 07; 231(4742):1150-4. View in: PubMed

  136. Phosphorylation of the chicken progesterone receptor. J Steroid Biochem. 1987; 27(1-3):235-43. View in: PubMed

  137. Structural analysis of covalently labeled estrogen receptors by limited proteolysis and monoclonal antibody reactivity. Biochemistry. 1987 Apr 21; 26(8):2364-73. View in: PubMed

  138. Estrogen receptors in the nuclear matrix: direct demonstration using monoclonal antireceptor antibody. Endocrinology. 1987 May; 120(5):1851-7. View in: PubMed

  139. Structure and dynamics of the estrogen receptor. J Steroid Biochem. 1986 Jan; 24(1):1-7. View in: PubMed

  140. Cellular progesterone receptor phosphorylation in response to ligands activating protein kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Aug 14; 146(3):1357-65. View in: PubMed

  141. The progesterone receptor gene maps to human chromosome band 11q13, the site of the mammary oncogene int-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May; 84(9):2877-81. View in: PubMed

  142. Progesterone receptors in the human heart and great vessels. Lab Invest. 1988 Sep; 59(3):353-6. View in: PubMed

  143. Ligand-modulated regulation of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in human breast cancer cell lines. Mol Endocrinol. 1988 Mar; 2(3):263-71. View in: PubMed

  144. A single domain of the estrogen receptor confers deoxyribonucleic acid binding and transcriptional activation of the rat prolactin gene. Mol Endocrinol. 1988 Jan; 2(1):14-21. View in: PubMed

  145. Regulation of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels in MCF-7 cells by estradiol: analysis of estrogen's effect on progesterone receptor synthesis and degradation. Endocrinology. 1988 Mar; 122(3):935-44. View in: PubMed

  146. Localization of progesterone receptor with monoclonal antibodies to the human progestin receptor. Endocrinology. 1988 Mar; 122(3):1165-75. View in: PubMed

  147. Estrogen receptor localization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrium and endometriotic tissues. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1987; 6(2):140-51. View in: PubMed

  148. Immunochemical studies of estrogen receptors. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987; 249:283-305. View in: PubMed

  149. Progesterone receptor distribution in the human endometrium. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the human progesterone receptor. Am J Pathol. 1988 Apr; 131(1):112-24. View in: PubMed

  150. Estrogen and progestin receptors and aromatase activity in rhesus monkey prostate. Endocrinology. 1988 Nov; 123(5):2312-22. View in: PubMed

  151. Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Science. 1988 Jul 01; 241(4861):81-4. View in: PubMed

  152. Estrogen and progesterone receptor measurements with monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Markers. 1988 Jan-Mar; 3(1):57-9. View in: PubMed

  153. Receptor interconversion model of hormone action. II. Nucleotide-mediated conversion of estrogen receptors from nonsteroid binding to the lower affinity binding state. J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 25; 261(36):17018-25. View in: PubMed

  154. Estrogen receptor localization in the female genital tract. Am J Pathol. 1986 May; 123(2):280-92. View in: PubMed

  155. Specific binding of estrogen receptor to the estrogen response element. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jan; 9(1):43-9. View in: PubMed

  156. Structural organization and regulation of the chicken estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1987 Jan; 1(1):25-35. View in: PubMed

  157. Immunostaining of estrogen receptor in paraffin sections of breast carcinomas using monoclonal antibody D75P3 gamma: effects of fixation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987 Dec; 11(12):943-50. View in: PubMed

  158. Identification of cysteine 530 as the covalent attachment site of an affinity-labeling estrogen (ketononestrol aziridine) and antiestrogen (tamoxifen aziridine) in the human estrogen receptor. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15; 264(29):17476-85. View in: PubMed

  159. Regulation of estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels in human breast cancer cell lines by sex steroid hormones, their antagonists, and growth factors. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Feb; 3(2):295-304. View in: PubMed

  160. Comparison of an immunocytochemical assay for progesterone receptor with a biochemical method of measurement and immunocytochemical examination of the relationship between progesterone and estrogen receptors. Cancer Res. 1989 Sep 15; 49(18):5176-9. View in: PubMed

  161. Subcellular distribution of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor with and without specific ligand. Am J Pathol. 1989 Nov; 135(5):857-64. View in: PubMed

  162. Immunocytochemical assay of progesterone receptors in paraffin-embedded specimens of endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia: a preliminary evaluation. Mod Pathol. 1989 Sep; 2(5):449-55. View in: PubMed

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